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Electromagnet Pull Force

Estimate the lifting force of an electromagnet from the flux density at the pole faces, free online.
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The attractive force across an air gap is F = B² A ÷ (2μ₀) per pole face. At B = 1 T the pull is about 40 N per cm² (≈ 4 kgf/cm²). The force falls with the square of the flux density, so a small air gap greatly increases holding force.